Deorbiter CubeSat mission design

This paper presents the mission design for a CubeSat-based active debris removal approach intended for transferring sizable debris objects from low-Earth orbit to a deorbit altitude of 100 km. The mission consists of a mothership spacecraft that carries and deploys several debris-removing nanosatellites, called Deorbiter CubeSats. Each Deorbiter is designed based on the utilization of an eight-unit CubeSat form factor and commercially-available components with significant flight heritage. The mothership spacecraft delivers Deorbiter CubeSats to the vicinity of a predetermined target debris, through performing a long-range rendezvous maneuver. Through a formation flying maneuver, the mothership then performs in-situ measurements of debris shape and orbital state. Upon release from the mothership, each Deorbiter CubeSat proceeds to performing a rendezvous and attachment maneuver with a debris object. Once attached to the debris, the CubeSat performs a detumbling maneuver, by which the residual angular momentum of the CubeSat-debris system is dumped using Deorbiter’s onboard reaction wheels. After stabilizing the attitude motion of the combined Deorbiter-debris system, the CubeSat proceeds to performing a deorbiting maneuver, i.e., reducing system’s altitude so much so that the bodies disintegrate and burn up due to atmospheric drag, typically at around 100 km above the Earth surface. The attitude and orbital maneuvers that are planned for the mission are described, both for the mothership and Deorbiter CubeSat. The performance of each spacecraft during their operations is investigated, using the actual performance specifications of the onboard components. The viability of the proposed debris removal approach is discussed in light of the results.     

SiO32-浓度对KMnO4/FeSO4工艺除磷过程的影响

考察了天然水体中常见的SiO_3~(2-)对KMnO_4/FeSO_4工艺混凝除磷的影响。SiO_3~(2-)存在时KMnO_4/FeSO_4工艺混凝除磷的效能随着溶液pH的升高呈现先增加后降低的趋势。SiO_3~(2-)浓度为1.0 mmol/L,溶液pH值为4～6时,SiO_3~(2-)可促进KMnO_4/FeSO_4工艺除磷的效能,KMnO_4/FeSO_4工艺对磷的去除效果分别增加了6.0%,9.9%和6.3%;溶液pH值为7～9时,SiO_3~(2-)可显著抑制KMnO_4/FeSO_4工艺除磷的效能,KMnO_4/FeSO_4工艺对磷的去除效果分别降低了14.76%,32.6%和17.3%。KMnO_4/FeSO_4工艺形成的絮体颗粒物表面ζ电位显著降低,溶液中残余铁的量明显提高。另外,水中SiO_3~(2-)对KMnO_4/FeSO_4工艺形成的絮体颗粒物的组成和表面特征均有一定影响。该研究为KMnO_4/FeSO_4工艺混凝除磷技术的推广提供了必要的理论基础。     

比例与非比例加载下30CrMnSiA钢多轴高周疲劳失效分析

为了分析比例与非比例加载下,30CrMnSiA钢的多轴高周疲劳的失效规律。通过对30CrMnSiA钢材料开展比例与非比例(δ=90°)加载下的多轴高周疲劳试验,研究了应力幅比和相位差对疲劳寿命、断口特征及裂纹起裂角度的影响。试验结果表明,对于比例与非比例加载,随着应力幅比的增大,多轴疲劳寿命逐渐增加。对疲劳断口分析发现,裂纹萌生于试件表面,断口有明显的疲劳源区、扩展区和瞬断区,不同加载路径下的试件断口形式有明显差异。通过对起裂角度的分析发现,应力幅比大于0.25时表面裂纹有明显的第Ⅰ阶段向第Ⅱ阶段的转变,且第Ⅰ阶段沿着接近最大剪应力幅值平面方向扩展,第Ⅱ阶段沿着接近最大正应力平面方向扩展。此外,对典型试件的疲劳断口及表面扩展路径进行了分析,研究表明多轴疲劳试验试件裂纹的特征比值在0.3~0.5之间,且裂纹沿深度方向扩展至300 μm时占总寿命的85%以上。      

Establishment of atmospheric weighted mean temperature model in the polar regions

Due to the special geographical location and extreme climate environment, the polar regions (Antarctic and Arctic) have an important impact on global climate change. Atmospheric weighted mean temperature (Tm) is a crucial parameter in the retrieval of precipitable water vapor (PWV) from the zenith wet delay (ZWD) of ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal propagation. In this paper, the correlation between weighted mean temperature and surface temperature (Ts) is studied firstly. It is shown that the correlation coefficients between Tm and Ts are 0.93 in the Antarctic and 0.94 in the Arctic. The linear regression Tm model and quadratic function Tm model of the Antarctic and the Arctic are established respectively using the radiosonde profiles of 12 stations in the Antarctic and 58 stations in the Arctic from 2008 to 2015. The accuracies of the linear regression Tm model, the quadratic function Tm model and GPT2w Tm model which is a state-of-the-art global Tm model are verified using the radiosonde profiles from 2016 to 2018 in the Antarctic and Arctic. Root Mean Square (RMS) errors of the linear regression Tm model, the quadratic function Tm model and GPT2w Tm model in the Antarctic are 3.07 K, 2.87 K and 4.32 K respectively, and those in the Arctic are 3.53 K, 3.38 K and 4.82 K, which indicates that the quadratic function Tm model has a higher accuracy compared to linear regression Tm model, and the accuracies of the two regional Tm models are better than that of GPT2w Tm model in the polar regions. In order to better evaluate the accuracy of Tm in the PWV retrieval, the PWV values of radiosondes are used for comparisons as the reference value. The RMS errors of PWV derived from the two Tm models are similar for 1.28 mm in the Antarctic and 1 mm in the Arctic respectively. In addition, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of Tm are analyzed in the polar regions by spectral analysis of Tm data using fast Fourier transform. The results show that the Tm has obvious seasonality and annual periodicity in the polar regions, and the maximum difference between warm season and cold season is about 63 K. After comparing and analyzing the influences of latitude, longitude and elevation on the Tm in the polar regions, it is found that latitude and elevation have a greater influence on the Tm than the longitude. As the latitude and elevation increase, the Tm decreases, and vice versa in the polar regions.     

同步误差条件下的空间目标双基地ISAR自聚焦算法

以空间目标为研究对象，针对双基地雷达时间、空间及频率同步误差导致的逆合成孔径雷达图像散焦问题，提出基于离散多项式相位变换的自聚焦算法。算法首先将目标平动、转动及同步误差导致的相位项统一建模为高阶多项式，利用离散多项式相位变换方法估计高阶多项式系数并据此构建补偿相位项，完成高阶相位补偿。最后进行方位压缩得到高聚焦度的二维ISAR像。算法通过选取合适的延时参数及成像积累时间可得到高精度参数估计及相位补偿，理论分析和仿真校验了算法性能优于常用的非参数化自聚焦算法。     

天基轻气炮发射清除低轨碎片方案及关键技术分析

文章分析了现有的空间碎片清除方式,并以800~1200 km低地球轨道高度上1~10 cm量级的空间碎片为清除目标,提出了天基轻气炮清除碎片的新方法。首先分析了轻气炮有效载荷在典型参数下的弹丸加速能力;之后根据将碎片降轨使其坠入大气层烧毁的设想,提出天基轻气炮共面清除碎片的方式,并选择轨道高度800 km的圆轨道作为碎片运行轨道进行可行性分析。计算表明,对半径10 cm、厚度1 cm的铝合金圆板碎片(质量211.95 g),使用初速1 km/s、重10 g的黏性弹丸可按任务方案达到清除效果。此外,计算出该参数弹丸对轨道高度800~1200 km的圆轨道上可清除的最大碎片质量为500~825 g,证明轻气炮弹丸对1~10 cm的碎片具有较强的清除能力。最后,分析了以轻气炮为有效载荷的航天器在完成清除碎片任务时的关键技术。     

四相横向磁通永磁电机的三电平滞环电流控制

以新型四相横向磁通永磁电机为研究对象,利用MATLAB/Simulink软件平台以及Simpower System工具箱,对闭环控制系统进行了研究。在传统双闭环调速控制基础上,为滞环电流控制环引入零电平,将滞环分为上滞环和下滞环。综合考虑开关频率与电流THD确定合适的滞环环宽,并根据偏差电流值与滞环环宽比较值得到逆变器控制信号。通过仿真得到各种工况下的电机运行数据,说明该控制方法能够对四相横向磁通永磁电机进行有效控制。     

Energy principle and material removal sequence optimization method in machining of aircraft monolithic parts

In the machining process of aircraft monolithic parts, the initial residual stress redistribution and structural stiffness evolution often lead to unexpected distortions. On the other hand, the stress redistribution and stiffness reduction during the machining process depend on the material removal sequence. The essence of the stress redistribution is releasing the initial elastic strain energy. In the present study, the influence of the material removal sequence on the energy release is studied. Moreover, a novel optimization method is proposed for the material removal sequence. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the mechanism of the machining distortion is firstly analyzed based on the energy principle. Then a calculative model for the machining distortion of long beam parts is established accordingly. Moreover, an energy parameter related to the bending distortion and the procedure of the material removal sequence optimization is defined. Finally, the bending distortion analysis and material removal sequence optimization are performed on a long beam with a Z-shaped cross-section. Furthermore, simulation and experiments are carried out. The obtained results indicate that the optimized sequence results in a low distortion fluctuation and decreases the bending distortion.     

Carrier phase prediction method for GNSS precise positioning in challenging environment

Since the signals of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) are blocked frequently in challenging environments, the discontinuous carrier phases seriously affect the application of GNSS precise positioning. To improve the carrier phase continuity, this paper proposes a carrier phase prediction method based on carrier open-loop tracking. In the open-loop tracking mode, the carrier numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) is controlled by the predicted Doppler, but not by the loop filter output. To improve the phase prediction effective time, accurate receiver clock drift estimation is studied in the prediction method. The phase prediction performance is tested on GNSS software receiver. In the phase prediction effective time tests, open-loop processes were set for the tested channel. The test results show that, when some satellite signals are blocked in 15?s, the probability of carrier phase error less than quarter cycles is more than 94%. In the real time kinematic (RTK) positioning tests, some satellite signals are blocked in 10–15?s repeatedly. The test results show that, the carrier phase continuity is basically not affected by the signal interruption, and the RTK can almost keep continuous centimeter-level positioning accuracy without re-fixing the integer ambiguity.